Microsoft apparently released a buggy update for Office Access at the end of January 2022 that causes Access to not close the Lock (.LDB) files when exiting. At this time, the only work around is to put your databases (both front and back end) in a Trusted Location. This can be done from File –> Options –> Trust Center and clicking on Trust Center Settings. From there choose Trusted Locations and add a location (folder or network path) by clicking on the Add new Locations button. If you need to trust subfolders, make sure you click that box after selecting a location.
See Access is unable to close and leaves lockfile active (microsoft.com)
