I am posting this as a new thread, because the old one on this problem seems to have disappeared while some people still wanted to know more about this issue.
The issue in question: Recently people at NASA started to experience a problem that had to do with some very recent update to High Sierra in their Macs that prevented them from logging in to their machines (including the one assigned to me).
I have been told of a temporary solution, until Apple takes proper care of this, I have tried it, and it does work!, so now I pass it on here to those who might experience this problem, or a similar one in the future:
(1) Turn on the Mac and, immediately, start pressing “Option” and keep on pressing it until,
(2) Instead of the white apple on an otherwise black screen, the images of two hard disks appear with legends underneath that read something like “Install HD” or “Mac HD”
Click of the “Mac HD” and an up-pointing arrow in a dark, but not black, circle will appear under the HD image. Then click on the arrow.
If all goes well, that will then be followed by the disappearance of the HD image and the appearance of the usual white apple, followed by the normal OS loading sequence (white bar that grows from left to right, under the apple) and, finally, the usual login screen will come up.
(3) Log in, as usual, and you are in.
(4) Repeat procedure every time you have to login after turning the Mac on, at the start of a new session (although you might omit it, now and then, to see if the problem persists, or has already been fixed by Apple).
(5) Good luck!
Ex-Windows user (Win. 98, XP, 7); since mid-2017 using also macOS. Presently on Monterey 12.15 & sometimes running also Linux (Mint).
MacBook Pro circa mid-2015, 15" display, with 16GB 1600 GHz DDR3 RAM, 1 TB SSD, a Haswell architecture Intel CPU with 4 Cores and 8 Threads model i7-4870HQ @ 2.50GHz.
Intel Iris Pro GPU with Built-in Bus, VRAM 1.5 GB, Display 2880 x 1800 Retina, 24-Bit color.
macOS Monterey; browsers: Waterfox "Current", Vivaldi and (now and then) Chrome; security apps. Intego AV