Replies

Why is physical incorrect? Aren’t they distinguishing from virtual memory in a paging file on disk?

It might be better to say something like “Adjusted physical memory”, or “licensed physical memory”.

–Scott.

A minor correction to my note: Some 32-bit CPUs, mostly server CPUs, support an extended number of address lines, so that a 32-bit OS which supports it can work with more than 4 GB of physical memory. In fact, the mechanism behind this is the same mechanism which explains the large memory in 32-bit Windows (especially on 64-bit hardware) in the article linked by satrow (which I read AFTER writing most of this reply). Also, I seem to recall a few systems were designed to swap between RAM and memory-mapped I/O, cutting down on unusable physical memory.

Apps are generally limited to the same physical memory as the OS. And, yes, apps also come in 32-bit and 64-bit versions; a 32-bit app would generally be limited to 4GB of data in memory, even under a 64-bit OS, although that depends upon programmer assumptions and how the memory is allocated.

Will Fastie mentions CPU limitations; as far as I know, no modern CPU, chipset, or motherboard is actually capable of coming anywhere near to handling the full amount of RAM which could theoretically be addressed by a 64-bit CPU, so all current 64-bit CPUs are restricted, and are likely to be for many years, unless someone invents something revolutionary.

–Scott.

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LangaList Plus

Plus: … why a 64-bit system might be limited to 4GB of RAM.

Unless I overlooked it, you missed the biggest reason: Windows (or any other Operating System) must be 64-bit. A 32-bit OS will address a maximum of 4 GB, and actual memory can be drastically lower, sometimes well under 3 GB, depending on how much is used by memory-mapped I/O devices — video is usually memory-mapped.

–Scott.

Hi Paul,

How do I remove/grant file access?

You’re implying that permissions are not inherited between groups.

I’d like to do this in a way that can be automated for a zero-touch Windows install.

–Scott.

AR 25-50
http://corpslakes.usace.army.mil/employees/pdfs/AR25-50.pdf

Chapter 1
Preparing Correspondence
1–23. Expressing a date
a. Dates on memorandums. Express dates on memorandums in the following formats: 1 January 2013 or 1 Jan 13.
The four digits for the year will be used only when the month is spelled out or when date stamps use abbreviated
months and four-digit year.
b. Dates on letters. Express dates on letters and refer to dates within letters only in the following format:
January 1, 2013.

Chapter 3
Preparing Letters
3–6. Format
(1) Date. Express the date in civilian style (for example, January 4, 2013) centered two lines below the last line of
the letterhead.

https://www.refactortactical.com/blog/military-date-time-group/
DDHHMM(Z)MONYY

It appears that yyyy.dd.mm is used in Kazakhstan, per https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_date#Gregorian.2C_year-day-month_.28YDM.29

ISO 8601 is the international date standard.

For programmers, the international standard (including years of at least 4 digits) is the only way to go. Anything else can result in ambiguity.

–Scott.

Where are you creating these groups?

Computer Management. I’ve attached a screenshot.

45575-TestGroup

What access does Users have that Test doesn’t?

I can’t log on with that user. When I add “Users” to the memberships, I can log on, but when I remove “Users” from the memberships and switch back to look, lots of the tiles go blank (“X”).

–Scott.

There is no requirement for HTTP and HTTPS to point at the same file, even though it’s a reasonable expectation.

Could be a caching issue; try downloading again later.

–Scott.

The article refers to “trusted third-party sources”, but a less-savvy user is not likely to know who those sources are.

I frequently see computers which have driver updaters, cleaners, off-the-wall antivirus, etc. The best answer for all is probably this:

Become familiar with the appearance of built-in anti-virus and cleaning tools; anything which looks different should probably be ignored (“You have an infection, click here!”). Make a note of the apps listed under Settings, System, Apps when the computer is new, and occasionally check the list for new stuff; if you don’t use it, look up the name online to see if it’s safe — if you see lots of results asking how to remove, that’s a hint. Ignore any ads telling you that you need this or that to improve speed, especially if you have a newer version of Windows — there are a number of reasons for your computer to have become slower, and most are fixed adequately with built-in tools and most are prevented by not clicking on ads. Windows has an antivirus built-in, and it’s not called “McAfee” or “Symantec”; if they expire, just uninstall them. If you or your kids are click-happy, consider getting Malwarebytes Anti-Malware or SuperAntiSpyware, and scanning with it once in a while — they’re a good “second opinion”. If you want to buy a software program, look in the Windows Store first — malicious software will have trouble getting approved. If a site is jam-packed with ads, you should probably head elsewhere to a site which cares more about making money by providing good service.

–Scott.

YYYYMMDD or YYYY-MM-DD is an international (ISO) standard — it’s the only format which makes sense for computers.

There is no “US military format”; there are a hodgepodge of formats.

No country uses YDM as a common or official standard, therefore you’d confuse everyone with a date of 2010-11-12 where 12 is the month.

Yes, date format is VERY relevant in Excel — when you’re importing data. Instead of assuming that an entire document or column was created with the same format, it determines the format for each value independently.

Periods are assumed by some email protection programs to be attempts to trick the user, and they block the email or attachment.

Being based on DOS, some Windows tools still have issues with spaces and periods — but mostly spaces.

Spaces don’t work well with file names in URLs — they get changed to %20.

As mentioned, underlines get hidden by URL and text underscoring.

Hyphens may be the way to go — as long as you don’t need to worry about them being confused with end-of-line word breaks.

–Scott.

No, it has an Ok, and you’re returned to a previous screen.

Deleting all partitions works on other laptops, but for this one, I’d rather see if I can convert the partition so I can do an upgrade.

–Scott.

I think I found the problem. When trying a fresh install, this error message occurs: “Windows cannot be installed to this disk. The selected disk has an MBR partition table. On EFI systems, Windows can only be installed to GPT disks.”

HP has an article on the subject.

–Scott.

It came on the laptop, which was purchased new from a chain store. I changed the key to what was provided, with same result; Windows said it was activated, but I still got the same message in safe mode.

–Scott.

The Properties screen indicates that it is.
When I tried to upgrade in safe mode, it complained that Windows needed to be activated, which I figured was just a safe mode issue.

–Scott.

I picked “10”; as I said, there is no Home/Pro option.

I do not see an option for Home/Pro when I use the tool to download. The options I see are for language, edition (10/10 Home Single Language/10 N), and architecture (32/64)